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Catopsilia pomona (Fabricius, 1775)
Ceylon, India, Burma, Malaya, New Guinea, Australia. See [maps]
Lemon Migrant
Lemon Emigrant
Common Emigrant
- Papilio pomona Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 479, no. 158; TL: New Holland
- Papilio crocale Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 87, pl. 55, f. C, D; TL: East Indies
- Papilio jugurtha Cramer, [1777]; Uitl. Kapellen 2 (9-16): 138, pl. 187, f. E, F; TL: Coromandel
- Papilio nigropunctatus Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 185
- Papilio catilla Cramer, [1779]; Uitl. Kapellen 3 (17-21): 63, pl. 229, f. D, E; TL: Coromandel
- Papilio hilaria Stoll, [1781]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (29-31): 95, pl. 339, f. A, B; TL: Coromandel
- Papilio lalage Herbst, 1792; in Jablonsky, Naturs. Schmett. 5: 163, pl. 106, f. 1-2
- Papilio alcmeone Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 193; TL: Coromandel
- Papilio titania Fabricius, 1798; Ent. Syst. (Suppl.): 428
- Colias jugurthina Godart, 1819; Encyclopédie Méthodique 9 (1): 96; TL: Bengal; Coromandel
- Callidryas endeer Boisduval, 1832; in d'Urville, Voy. Astrolabe (Faune ent. Pacif.) 1: 63, pl. 2, f. 3-4
- Callidryas phlegeus Wallace, 1867; Trans. ent. Soc. Lond. (3) 4 (3): 401; TL: Timor
- Catopsilia heera Swinhoe, 1885; Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1885: 140; TL: Poona
- Catopsilia crocale f. virosa Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 163, pl. 68 e
- Catopsilia crocale f. flavescens Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 162, pl. 69 c
- Catopsilia crocale f. latilimbata Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 163; TL: Java
- celebica Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 163, pl. 68 e, 69 a
- ostentata Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 163, pl. 69 a
- micromalayana Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 163
- Catopsilia crocalina Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 163, pl. 68 d
- Catopsilia pomona f. citronella Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 163; TL: Lesser Sunda Is
- Catopsilia pomona f. nivescens Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 163, pl. 69 b
- Catopsilia pomona f. perspicua Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 163, pl. 69 b; TL: Celebes
- Catopsilia pomona f. serrata Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 163; TL: Java, Lesser Sunda Is.
- Catopsilia aserrata Fruhstorfer, 1910
- Catopsilia pomona f. bidotata Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 163
- Catopsilia pomona f. asserata Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 163
- Catopsilia pomona f. siscia Fruhstorfer, 1910; in Seitz, Gross-Schmett. Erde 9: 163; TL: Lesser Sunda Is.
- dinkelmanni Lindsey, 1924²; Ent. Rundsch. 41: 2
- Catopsilia pura Lindsey, 1924; Ent. Rundsch. 41: 2; TL: India
- Catopsilia pomona f. formosana Sonan, 1930; Zephyrus 2 (3): 171; TL: Formosa
- Catopsilia pomona ab. matsuwakii Nomura, 1931; Mushi 4 (1): 13
- transiens Dufrane, 1947; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 83 (1/2): 64
- joannisi Dufrane, 1947; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 83 (1/2): 64
- fasciata Dufrane, 1947; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 83 (1/2): 64
- deficiens Dufrane, 1947; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 83 (1/2): 64
- Catopsilia inornata Dufrane, 1947
- Catopsilia pomona ab. emblematis Murayama, 1961; Tyô to Ga 11 (4): 55, f. 10, 12; TL: Poli, Formosa
- Callidryas catilla; Moore, 1878, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (4): 837
- Callidryas crocale; Moore, 1878, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1878 (4): 837
- Catopsilia catilla; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (3): 122, pl. 47, f. 3, 3a
- Catopsilia crocale; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (3): 122, pl. 48, f. 1, 1a-b; Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 49 Pt.II (4): 236; [BIR], 445; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 98; [BOW]: pl. 157, f. 22; [EBW]; [NHM card]
- Callidryas pomona; Piepers & Snellen, 1909, Rhop. Java [1]: 42, pl. 3, f. 6a-k, pl. 4, f. 1a-f
- Catopsilia pomona; [BIR], 446; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 98; Holloway & Peters, 1976, J. Nat. Hist. 10: 286; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 157, f. 23; [BOR], 173; [NHM card]; [MRS], 214; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 101
769x513 (~69Kb) underside Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko
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769x513 (~108Kb) underside Thailand, Krabi 24.12.2003-7.1.2004, Photo © Olli Vesikko
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871x981 (~146Kb) ♂ underside hailand, Chon Buri Province, Pattaya, Ko Khram Island, Saikawe beach, a side of a road through shrubbery at the coast, 3rd February, 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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600x400 (~64Kb) ♀ underside India: Melghat, 8.10.2008, Photo © Kedar Tokekar
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Larva on
Cassia alata,
C. brewsteri,
C. coronilloides,
C. didymobotrya,
C. fistula,
C. magnifolia,
C. marksiana,
C. nodosa,
C. odorata,
C. pleurocarpa,
C. queenslandica,
C. tomentella,
C. venusta K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)
Larva on
Bauhinia ,
Brownea ,
Butea ,
Cassia ,
Pterocarpus ,
Senna ,
Sesbania Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 101
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C. p. pomona Moluccas - Solomons
- Catopsilia pomona f. alcmeone;
- Catopsilia pomona pomona f. catilla; [MRS], 214; [BMP]: 96, pl. 9, f. 13
- Catopsilia pomona pomona f. crocale; [MRS], 214; [BAUR], 161; [BMP]: 96, pl. 9, f. 21
- Catopsilia pomona pomona f. jugurtha; [MRS], 214
- Catopsilia pomona f. jugurtha;
- Catopsilia pomona pomona f. hilaria; [MRS], 214; [BMP]: 96, pl. 9, f. 11
- Catopsilia pomona pomona f. nivescens; [BMP]: 96, pl. 9, f. 12
- Catopsilia pomona pomona; [BAUR], 161; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 12, pl. 16, f. 1-2, 4-5
814x850 (~169Kb) ♂ underside Cambodia, Kep Province, Kep, a pond bank. 21st April 2010, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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1020x787 (~352Kb) ♂ underside Cambodia, Kep Province, a beach. 22nd April 2010, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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1184x1122 (~230Kb) ♂ underside Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, Ban Lung, at Kan Seng Lake, 31st May 2013, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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Larva on
Cassia siamea,
C. occidentalis,
C. fistula,
C. surattensis,
C. tora,
Sesbania roxburghii,
Butea frondosa,
Cassia coronilloides,
C. pleurocarpa [MRS]
Catopsilia pomona pomona ♀ f. jugurtha
1134x1133 (~261Kb) ♀ underside Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, Ban Lung, at Kan Seng Lake, 6th June 2013 (Catopsilia pomona pomona ♀ f. jugurtha), Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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Catopsilia pomona pomona ♀ f. crocale
1113x989 (~221Kb) ♀ underside Cambodia, Ratanakiri Province, Ban Lung, at Kan Seng Lake, 31st May 2013 (Catopsilia pomona pomona ♀ f. crocale), Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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C. p. flava (Butler, 1869) Sulawesi, Salayar, Tanahjampea, Kalao, Kabaena, Muna, Buton, Tukangbesi, Banggai
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C. p. rivalis Fruhstorfr, 1910² Sula, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Vanuatu, New Caledona, Australia
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C. p. dionysiades Fruhstorfer, 1911 Talaud, Sangihe
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Catopsilia pyranthe (Linnaeus, 1758)
Ceylon, India, Burma, Australia. See [maps]
Mottled Emigrant
- Catopsilia pyranthe; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (3): 124, pl. 47, f. 2, 2a; Kudrna, 1974, Atalanta 5: 98; [EBW]; [BOR], 170; [NHM card]; [MRS], 215; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 100
Larva on
Cassia aciphylla,
C. barclayana,
C. planitiicola,
C. spp.,
C. fistula?,
C. alata?,
C. brewsteri?,
C. didymobotrya? K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)
Larva on
Colocasia ,
Crateva ,
Cassia ,
Crotalaria ,
Ormocarpum ,
Paraserianthes ,
Senna ,
Sesbania ,
Gnidia Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 101
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C. p. pyranthe
- Papilio alcyone Cramer, [1775]; Uitl. Kapellen 1 (1-7): 89, pl. 58, f. A,B,C
- Papilio gnoma Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 808 [dry season form]
- Papilio flavocinerascens Goeze, 1779; Ent. Beyträge 3 (1): 183
- Papilio philippina Stoll, [1781]; in Cramer, Uitl. Kapellen 4 (29-31): 139, pl. 361, f. C,D
- Papilio nephte Fabricius, 1793; Ent. Syst. 3 (1): 190; TL: China
- Papilio ilea Fabricius, 1798; Ent. Syst. (Suppl.): 426 or 421
- Callidryas thisorella Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 609; TL: Bengal, India
- Catopsilia ab. flavescens Dufrane, 1947; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 83 (1/2): 63
- Catopsilia ab. juncta Dufrane, 1947; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 83 (1/2): 63
- Catopsilia f. transiens Dufrane, 1947; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 83 (1/2): 63
- Catopsilia gnoma; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (3): 123, pl. 48, f. 2, 2a
- Catopsilia florella gnoma; [BOR], 170
- Catopsilia ilea; Moore, [1881], Lepid. Ceylon 1 (3): 124, pl. 47, f. 1, 1a-b
- Catopsilia pyranthe pyranthe; [BOR], 170; [BMP]: 95, pl. 9, f. 22; Winhard, 2000, Butterflies of the world 10: 13, pl. 16, f. 7; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 101
1127x866 (~98Kb) ♀ underside Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Pattaya, Jomtien beach, a wasting land behind Jomtien Holiday Hotel, 2nd January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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1148x1163 (~142Kb) ♀ underside Thailand, Chon Buri Province, Pattaya, Jomtien beach, a wasting land behind Jomtien Holiday Hotel, 2nd January 2006 (ovipositing), Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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1068x869 (~93Kb) ♀ underside Cambodia, Siem Reap, shrubs at a channel at the artificial lake of Barai. 8th January 2006, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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Larva on
Cassia occidentalis,
C. fistula,
C. tora,
Cassia auriculata,
Ormocapum cochinchinense [MRS]
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C. p. minna (Herbst, 1792) Ceylon, Andamans
- Papilio minna Herbst, 1792; in Jablonsky, Naturs. Schmett. 5: pl. 89, f. 1-2
- ?Mancipium minna Hübner, [1810]; Samml. exot. Schmett. 1: pl. [144]
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C. p. chryseis (Drury, [1773])
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C. p. crokera (Macleay, 1826) NE.Australia, Timor
- Pontia crokera Macleay, 1826
- crookera[sic, recte crokera]; Wallace, 1867
- Catopsilia pyranthe crokera; [BAUR], 161
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C. p. lactea (Butler, 1870)
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C. p. evangelina (Butler, 1870)
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C. p. pythias Waterhouse & Lyell, 1914 N.Australia, New South Wales
- Catopsilia pyranthe pythias; [NHM card]
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Catopsilia scylla (Linnaeus, 1763)
Siam, Malayasia, Moluccas. See [maps]
Orange Emigrant
Yellow Migrant
- Callidryas scylla; Piepers & Snellen, 1909, Rhop. Java [1]: 40, pl. 3, f. 5a-b
- Catopsilia scylla; [EBW]; [BOW]: pl. 157, f. 21, pl. 158, f. 1; [BOR], 173; [MRS], 215; [NHM card]; Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 100
Larva on
Cassia fistula,
C. obtusifolia [EOB],
Tephrosia spp. [MRS],
Crateva ,
Cassia ,
Senna ,
Tephrosia Vane-Wright & de Jong, 2003, Zool. Verh. Leiden 343: 100
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Catopsilia gorgophone (Boisduval, 1836)
Australia (Cairns - Sydney). See [maps]
Yellow Migrant
Larva on
Cassia surattensis K. L. & L. E. Dunn, 1991, Review Austr. Butts. (1-4): (120-140)
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C. g. novacaledonia Viette, 1950 New Caledonia
- Catopsilia gorgophone novacaledonia Viette, 1950; Fn. Emp. franc. 13: 40
- Catopsilia scylla novacaledonia; Holloway & Peters, 1976, J. Nat. Hist. 10: 286
- Catopsilia gorgophone novacaledonia; [NHM card]
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Catopsilia florella (Fabricius, 1775)
Africa, Madagascar, Canary Islands, Ceylon, India, Burma, China. See [maps]
African Migrant
- Papilio florella Fabricius, 1775; Syst. Ent.: 479; TL: Sierra Leone
- Colias pyrene Swainson, 1821; Zool. Illustr. (1) 1: pl. 51
- Callidryas hyblaea Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 612; TL: Comoro Is.
- Callidryas rhadia Boisduval, 1836; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. 1: 617
- Pontia marcellina Bertoloni, 1850; Mem. Accad. Bologna 2: 178
- Catopsilia aleurona Butler, 1876; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (4) 18 (108): 489
- Catopsilia rufosparsa Butler, 1880; Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (5) 5 (29): 395; TL: Madagascar
- Callidryas swainsoni Westwood, 1881; in Oates, Matabeland: 335
- Catopsilia florella ab. subpyrene Strand, 1911; Int. ent. Zs. 4 (41) (41): 220; TL: Tanzania
- ?ornata Dufrane, 1947; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 83 (1/2): 62
- Catopsilia florella florella f. inornata Dufrane, 1947; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 83 (1/2): 62
- Catopsilia florella florella ab. biannulata Dufrane, 1947; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 83 (1/2): 62
- Catopsilia florella florella ab. houzeaui Dufrane, 1947; Bull. Ann. Soc. ent. Belg. 83 (1/2): 63
- Catopsilia florella ♀-f. peregrina Stoneham, 1957; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (70): [2]; TL: Kenya
- Catopsilia florella ♀-f. duplicata Stoneham, 1957; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (70): [2]; TL: Kenya
- Catopsilia florella ♀ wandriana Stoneham, 1957; Bull. Stoneham Mus. (70): [2]; TL: Kenya
- Catopsilia florella f. pyrene; [BAFR], 52, fig. ♀ form.)
- Catopsilia florella f. hyblaea; [BAFR], 52, fig. ♀ form.)
- Catopsilia florella; [EBW]; [BMAT]: 18, pl. 6, f. 34-36; [BAFR], 53; [NHM card]; [MadL]; [AfrL]; [Otakar Kudrna]
461x500 (~48Kb) underside Tenerife, Los Gigantes, 8/4/97, Photo © Simon Coombes
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1055x929 (~382Kb) underside Ethiopia, Amhara, a rapidous brook, Blue Nile right tributary just upstream the bridge of the road Addis Ababa - Bahir Dar, 1100 m a.s.l. 1st August 2012, Photo © Oleg Kosterin
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Larva on
Cassia [H&R],
less Sesbania [BK]
Larva on
Cassia occidentalis,
Cassia floribunda,
C. petersiana,
C. arachoides [PBSA],
Cassia odorata,
C. corymbosa,
C. aschrek [BMAT]
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Catopsilia thauruma (Reakirt, 1866)
Madagascar, Mauritius. See [maps]
If you have corrections, comments or
information to add into these pages, just send mail to
Markku Savela
Keep in mind that the taxonomic information is copied from various sources, and may include many inaccuracies. Expert help is welcome.