WG(4)

NAME
wg - virtual private network tunnel (EXPERIMENTAL)

SYNOPSIS
pseudo-device wg

DESCRIPTION
The wg interface implements a roaming-capable virtual private network tunnel, configured with ifconfig(8) and wgconfig(8).

WARNING: wg is experimental.

Packets exchanged on a wg interface are authenticated and encrypted with a secret key negotiated with the peer, and the encapsulation is exchanged over IP or IPv6 using UDP.

Every wg interface can be configured with an IP address using ifconfig(8), a private key generated with wg-keygen(8), an optional listen port, and a collection of peers.

Each peer configured on an wg interface has a public key and a range of IP addresses the peer is allowed to use for its wg interface inside the tunnel. Each peer may also optionally have a preshared secret key and a fixed endpoint IP address outside the tunnel.

EXAMPLES
Typical network topology:

    wm0 = 192.0.2.123                     bge0 = 198.51.100.45
    Stationary server:                         Roaming client:
    +---------+                                    +---------+
    |    A    |                                    |    B    |
    |---------|                                    |---------|
    |        [wm0]-------------internet--------[bge0]        |
    |    [wg0] port 1234 - - - (tunnel) - - - - - - [wg0]    |
    |   10.0.1.0                  |               10.0.1.1   |
    |         |                   |                |         |
    +--[wm1]--+          +-----------------+       +---------+
         |               | VPN 10.0.1.0/24 |
         |               +-----------------+
    +-----------------+
    | LAN 10.0.0.0/24 |
    +-----------------+

Generate key pairs on A and B:

    A# (umask 0077; wg-keygen > /etc/wg/wg0)
    A# wg-keygen --pub < /etc/wg/wg0 > /etc/wg/wg0.pub
    A# cat /etc/wg/wg0.pub
    N+B4Nelg+4ysvbLW3qenxIwrJVE9MdjMyqrIisH7V0Y=
    B# (umask 0077; wg-keygen > /etc/wg/wg0)
    B# wg-keygen --pub < /etc/wg/wg0 > /etc/wg/wg0.pub
    B# cat /etc/wg/wg0.pub
    X7EGm3T3IfodBcyilkaC89j0SH3XD6+/pwvp7Dgp5SU=

Generate a pre-shared key on A and copy it to B to defend against potential future quantum cryptanalysis (not necessary for functionality):

    A# (umask 0077; wg-keygen > /etc/wg/wg0.A-B)

Configure A to listen on port 1234 and allow connections from B to appear in the 10.0.1.0/24 subnet:

    A# ifconfig wg0 create 10.0.1.0/24
    A# wgconfig wg0 set private-key /etc/wg/wg0
    A# wgconfig wg0 set listen-port 1234
    A# wgconfig wg0 add peer B \
        X7EGm3T3IfodBcyilkaC89j0SH3XD6+/pwvp7Dgp5SU= \
        --preshared-key=/etc/wg/wg0.A-B \
        --allowed-ips=10.0.1.1/32
    A# ifconfig wg0 up
    A# ifconfig wg0
    wg0: flags=0x8041<UP,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1420
            inet 10.0.1.0/24 flags 0
            inet6 fe80::22f7:d6ff:fe3a:1e60%wg0/64 flags 0 scopeid 0x3

Configure B to connect to A at 192.0.2.123 on port 1234 and the packets can begin to flow:

    B# ifconfig wg0 create 10.0.1.1/24
    B# wgconfig wg0 set private-key /etc/wg/wg0
    B# wgconfig wg0 add peer A \
        N+B4Nelg+4ysvbLW3qenxIwrJVE9MdjMyqrIisH7V0Y= \
        --preshared-key=/etc/wg/wg0.A-B \
        --allowed-ips=10.0.1.0/32 \
        --endpoint=192.0.2.123:1234
    B# ifconfig wg0 up
    B# ifconfig wg0
    wg0: flags=0x8041<UP,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1420
            inet 10.0.1.1/24 flags 0
            inet6 fe80::56eb:59ff:fe3d:d413%wg0/64 flags 0 scopeid 0x3
    B# ping -n 10.0.1.0
    PING 10.0.1.0 (10.0.1.0): 56 data bytes
    64 bytes from 10.0.1.0: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=2.721110 ms
    ...

SEE ALSO
wg-keygen(8), wgconfig(8)

COMPATIBILITY
The wg interface aims to be compatible with the WireGuard protocol, as described in:

Jason A. Donenfeld, WireGuard: Next Generation Kernel Network Tunnel, https://web.archive.org/web/20180805103233/https://www.wireguard.com/papers/wireguard.pdf, Document ID: 4846ada1492f5d92198df154f48c3d54205657bc, 2018-06-30.

HISTORY
The wg interface first appeared in NetBSD 10.0.

AUTHORS
The wg interface was implemented by Ryota Ozaki <ozaki.ryota@gmail.com>.