Network Working Group G. Harris, Ed.
Internet-Draft
Intended status: Informational M. Richardson
Expires: 26 May 2025 Sandelman
22 November 2024
Link-Layer Types for PCAP and PCAPNG Capture File Formats
draft-ietf-opsawg-pcaplinktype-08
Abstract
This document creates an IANA registry for the PCAP and PCAPNG
LINKTYPE values. The PCAP and PCAPNG formats are used to save
network captures from programs such as tcpdump and wireshark, when
using libraries such as libpcap.
About This Document
This note is to be removed before publishing as an RFC.
Status information for this document may be found at
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-opsawg-pcaplinktype/.
Discussion of this document takes place on the opsawg Working Group
mailing list (mailto:opsawg@ietf.org), which is archived at
https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/browse/opsawg/. Subscribe at
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/opsawg/.
Source for this draft and an issue tracker can be found at
https://github.com/IETF-OPSAWG-WG/pcapng.
Status of This Memo
This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute
working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-
Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.
Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."
This Internet-Draft will expire on 26 May 2025.
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Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2024 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components
extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.1. PCAP Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2. LinkType Registry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3.2.1. Initial Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3.2.2. Guidance for Designated Experts . . . . . . . . . . . 27
4. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5. Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6. Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
7.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
1. Introduction
In the late 1980's, Van Jacobson, Steve McCanne, and others at the
Network Research Group at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
developed the tcpdump program to capture and dissect network traces.
The code to capture traffic, using low-level mechanisms in various
operating systems, and to read and write network traces to a file was
later put into a library named libpcap [LIBPCAP].
Other documents describe the original (legacy) format used by tcpdump
(pcap), as well as the revised format (pcapng) which is used by
tcpdump and Wireshark [Wireshark].
Within those formats each packet that is captured is described by a
LINKTYPE value. The LINKTYPE value selects one of many hundred
formats for metadata and Layer 2 encapsulation of the packet.
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This document creates an IANA registry for the LINKTYPE format,
establishing the IANA Considerations by which other uses of the pcap
and pcapng formats may register new LINKTYPE values.
2. Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
BCP 14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
capitals, as shown here.
3. IANA Considerations
3.1. PCAP Registry
IANA is requested to create a new registry group entitled "The PCAP
Registry".
3.2. LinkType Registry
IANA is also requested to create a registry entitled "PCAP LinkType
List" under The PCAP registry group (Section 3.1).
The registry has the following structure:
* LINKTYPE Name: Indicates the symbolic name for this LinkType. The
name is prefixed with "LINKTYPE_" (i.e., LINKTYPE_something).
* LINKTYPE Value: Indicates the integer value assigned for this
LinkType.
* Description: Provides a very short description.
* Reference: Indicates an authoritative the document reference for
the LinkType or a requester reference.
The LinkType value is a 16-bit number. The policy allocation for the
LinkType values is as follows:
* Values from 32768 to 65000 must be allocated via Specification
Required (Section 4.6 of [RFC8126]). Guidance for Designated
Experts is provided in Section 3.2.2.
* Values from 0 to 32767 are allocated following a First-Come First-
Served policy (Section 4.4 of [RFC8126]). Note that this category
includes the historical allocations which have an uneven level of
definition.
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* Values from 65001 to 65535 are reserved for Private Use
(Section 4.1 of [RFC8126]).
The initial version of the registry is provided in Section 3.2.1. In
each case here, the reference should be to [TCPDUMP] and the RFC
number to be assigned to this document, which is not repeated each
time.
The initial values table is based upon the Link type list maintained
by libpcap, and published on [TCPDUMP].
Note that historically, values were assigned incrementally following
First Come First Served policy, with a preference for a public
specification, but with no mandate. Some historical values may have
less specification than desired.
LinkType values 147 to 162 named LINKTYPE_RESERVED_xx were originally
reserved for Private Use. Their use is Deprecated in favour of the
values in the 65001-65535 range.
In general, Private Use values should never leak out of the entity
that uses it. As the First Come First Served range is large and
easily obtained, official values are recommended.
There is often an associated DLT value which is often identical in
value, but not universally so. DLT values are associated with
specific operation system captures, and are operating system
specific, and are thus not subject to standardization.
3.2.1. Initial Values
This is the initial table for the registry:
Name LINKTYPE_NULL
Number 0
Description BSD loopback encapsulation
Reference [LINKTYPE_NULL]
Name LINKTYPE_ETHERNET
Number 1
Description IEEE 802.3 Ethernet
Name LINKTYPE_EXP_ETHERNET
Number 2
Description Xerox experimental 3Mb Ethernet
Name LINKTYPE_AX25
Number 3
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Description AX.25 packet
Reference [AX.25]
Name LINKTYPE_PRONET
Number 4
Description Reserved for PRONET
Name LINKTYPE_CHAOS
Number 5
Description Reserved for MIT CHAOSNET
Name LINKTYPE_IEEE802_5
Number 6
Description IEEE 802.5 Token Ring
Name LINKTYPE_ARCNET_BSD
Number 7
Description ARCNET Data Packets with BSD encapsulation
Name LINKTYPE_SLIP
Number 8
Description SLIP
Reference [LINKTYPE_SLIP]
Name LINKTYPE_PPP
Number 9
Description PPP
Reference [RFC1661]/[RFC1662]
Name LINKTYPE_FDDI
Number 10
Description FDDI: per ANSI INCITS 239-1994
Name not to be used
Number 11-49
Description Do not use these values
Name LINKTYPE_PPP_HDLC
Number 50
Description PPP in HDLC-like framing
Reference [RFC1662]
Name LINKTYPE_PPP_ETHER
Number 51
Description PPPoE
Reference Section 4 of [RFC2516]
Name Reserved
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Number 52-98
Description Do not use these values
Name LINKTYPE_SYMANTEC_FIREWALL
Number 99
Description Reserved for Symantec Enterprise Firewall
Name LINKTYPE_ATM_RFC1483
Number 100
Description LLC/SNAP-encapsulated ATM
Reference [RFC1483]
Name LINKTYPE_RAW
Number 101
Description Raw IP; begins with an IPv4 or IPv6 header
Name LINKTYPE_SLIP_BSDOS
Number 102
Description Reserved for BSD/OS SLIP BPF header
Name LINKTYPE_PPP_BSDOS
Number 103
Description Reserved for BSD/OS PPP BPF header
Name LINKTYPE_C_HDLC
Number 104
Description Cisco PPP with HDLC framing
Reference Section 4.3.1 of [RFC1547]
Name LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11
Number 105
Description IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN
Name LINKTYPE_ATM_CLIP
Number 106
Description ATM Classical IP, with no header preceding IP
Name LINKTYPE_FRELAY
Number 107
Description Frame Relay LAPF frames
Name LINKTYPE_LOOP
Number 108
Description OpenBSD loopback encapsulation
Reference [LINKTYPE_LOOP]
Name LINKTYPE_ENC
Number 109
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Description Reserved for OpenBSD IPSEC encapsulation
Name LINKTYPE_LANE8023
Number 110
Description Reserved for ATM LANE + 802.3
Name LINKTYPE_HIPPI
Number 111
Description Reserved for NetBSD HIPPI
Name LINKTYPE_HDLC
Number 112
Description Reserved for NetBSD HDLC framing
Name LINKTYPE_LINUX_SLL
Number 113
Description Linux "cooked" capture encapsulation
Reference [LINKTYPE_LINUX_SLL]
Name LINKTYPE_LTALK
Number 114
Description Apple LocalTalk
Name LINKTYPE_ECONET
Number 115
Description Reserved for Acorn Econet
Name LINKTYPE_IPFILTER
Number 116
Description Reserved for OpenBSD ipfilter
Name LINKTYPE_PFLOG
Number 117
Description OpenBSD pflog; "struct pfloghdr" structure
Name LINKTYPE_CISCO_IOS
Number 118
Description Reserved for Cisco-internal use
Name LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11_PRISM
Number 119
Description Prism monitor mode
Reference [LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11_PRISM]
Name LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11_AIRONET
Number 120
Description Reserved for 802.11 + FreeFreeBSD Aironet radio metadata
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Name LINKTYPE_HHDLC
Number 121
Description Reserved for Siemens HiPath HDLC
Name LINKTYPE_IP_OVER_FC
Number 122
Description IP-over-Fibre Channel, starting with the Network_Header
Reference [RFC2625]
Name LINKTYPE_SUNATM
Number 123
Description ATM traffic captured from a SunATM device
Reference [LINKTYPE_SUNATM]
Name LINKTYPE_RIO
Number 124
Description Reserved for RapidIO
Name LINKTYPE_PCI_EXP
Number 125
Description Reserved for PCI Express
Name LINKTYPE_AURORA
Number 126
Description Reserved for Xilinx Aurora link layer
Name LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11_RADIOTAP
Number 127
Description Radiotap header, followed by an 802.11 header
Reference [Radiotap]
Name LINKTYPE_TZSP
Number 128
Description Reserved for Tazmen Sniffer Protocol
Name LINKTYPE_ARCNET_LINUX
Number 129
Description ARCNET Data Packets, per RFC 1051 frames w/variations
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_MLPPP
Number 130
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_MLFR
Number 131
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_ES
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Number 132
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_GGSN
Number 133
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_MFR
Number 134
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_ATM2
Number 135
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_SERVICES
Number 136
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_ATM1
Number 137
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_APPLE_IP_OVER_IEEE1394
Number 138
Description Apple IP-over-IEEE 1394 cooked header
Reference [LINKTYPE_APPLE_IP_OVER_IEEE1394]
Name LINKTYPE_MTP2_WITH_PHDR
Number 139
Description Signaling System 7 (SS7) Message Transfer Part Level
Reference [Q.703]
Name LINKTYPE_MTP2
Number 140
Description SS7 Level 2
Reference [Q.703]
Name LINKTYPE_MTP3
Number 141
Description SS7 Level 3, with no MTP2 header
Reference [Q.704]
Name LINKTYPE_SCCP
Number 142
Description SS7 Control Part, with no MTP3 or MTP2 header
Reference [Q.711] [Q.712] [Q.713] [Q.714]
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Name LINKTYPE_DOCSIS
Number 143
Description DOCSIS MAC frames
Reference [DOCSIS-4.0-MULP]
Name LINKTYPE_LINUX_IRDA
Number 144
Description Linux-IrDA packets
Reference [LINKTYPE_LINUX_IRDA]
Name LINKTYPE_IBM_SP
Number 145
Description Reserved for IBM SP switch
Name LINKTYPE_IBM_SN
Number 146
Description Reserved for IBM Next Federation switch
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_01
Number 147
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_02
Number 148
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_03
Number 149
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_04
Number 150
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_05
Number 151
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_06
Number 152
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_07
Number 153
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_08
Number 154
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Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_09
Number 155
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_10
Number 156
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_11
Number 157
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_12
Number 158
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_13
Number 159
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_14
Number 160
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_15
Number 161
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_RESERVED_16
Number 162
Description For private use (deprecated)
Name LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11_AVS
Number 163
Description AVS header, followed by an 802.11 header
Reference [AVS]
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_MONITOR
Number 164
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_BACNET_MS_TP
Number 165
Description BACnet MS/TP frames
Reference Section 9.3 MS/TP Frame Format of [ASHRAE-135]
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Name LINKTYPE_PPP_PPPD
Number 166
Description PPP in HDLC-like encapsulation, like LINKTYPE_PPP_HDLC,
different stuffing
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_PPPOE
Number 167
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_PPPOE_ATM
Number 168
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_GPRS_LLC
Number 169
Description General Packet Radio Service Logical Link Control, as
per 3GPP TS 04.64
Reference [_3GPP-TS-04.64]
Name LINKTYPE_GPF_T
Number 170
Description Transparent-mapped generic framing procedure
Reference [G.7041]
Name LINKTYPE_GPF_F
Number 171
Description Frame-mapped generic framing procedure
Reference [G.7041]
Name LINKTYPE_GCOM_T1E1
Number 172
Description Reserved for Gcom T1/E1 line monitoring equipment
Name LINKTYPE_GCOM_SERIAL
Number 173
Description Reserved for Gcom T1/E1 line monitoring equipment
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_PIC_PEER
Number 174
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_ERF_ETH
Number 175
Description Endace ERF header followed by 802.3 Ethernet
Name LINKTYPE_ERF_POS
Number 176
Description Endace ERF header followed by Packet-over-SONET
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Name LINKTYPE_LINUX_LAPD
Number 177
Description Linux vISDN LAPD frames
Reference [LINKTYPE_LINUX_LAPD]
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_ETHER
Number 178
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_PPP
Number 179
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_FRELAY
Number 180
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_CHDLC
Number 181
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_MFR
Number 182
Description FRF.16.1 Multi-Link Frame Relay frames, beginning with
an FRF.12 Interface fragmentation format fragmentation header
Reference [FRF.16.1]
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_VP
Number 183
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_A429
Number 184
Description Reserved for ARINC 429 frames
Name LINKTYPE_A653_ICM
Number 185
Description Reserved for Arinc 653 Interpartition Communication
messages
Name LINKTYPE_USB_FREEBSD
Number 186
Description USB packets, beginning with a FreeBSD USB header
Name LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_HCI_H4
Number 187
Description Bluetooth HCI UART transport layer; the frame contains
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an HCI packet indicator octet, as specified by the UART Transport
Layer portion of the most recent Bluetooth Core specification,
followed by an HCI packet of the specified packet type, as
specified by the Host Controller Interface Functional
Specification portion of the most recent Bluetooth Core
Specification
Name LINKTYPE_IEEE802_16_MAC_CPS
Number 188
Description Reserved for IEEE 802.16 MAC Common Part Sublayer
Name LINKTYPE_USB_LINUX
Number 189
Description USB packets, beginning with a Linux USB header, as
specified by the struct usbmon_packet in the Documentation/usb/
usbmon.txt file in the Linux source tree. Only the first 48
octets of that header are present. All fields in the header are
in host byte order. When performing a live capture, the host byte
order is the byte order of the machine on which the packets are
captured. When reading a pcap file, the byte order is the byte
order for the file, as specified by the file's magic number; when
reading a pcapng file, the byte order is the byte order for the
section of the pcapng file, as specified by the Section Header
Block
Name LINKTYPE_CAN20B
Number 190
Description Reserved for Controller Area Network (CAN) v. 2.0B
packets
Name LINKTYPE_IEEE802_15_4_LINUX
Number 191
Description IEEE 802.15.4, with address fields padded, as is done by
Linux drivers
Name LINKTYPE_PPI
Number 192
Description Per-Packet Information information, as specified by the
Per-Packet Information Header Specification , followed by a packet
with the LINKTYPE_ value specified by the pph_dlt field of that
header
Reference [PPI]
Name LINKTYPE_IEEE802_16_MAC_CPS_RADIO
Number 193
Description Reserved for 802.16 MAC Common Part Sublayer plus radio
header
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Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_ISM
Number 194
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_IEEE802_15_4_WITHFCS
Number 195
Description IEEE 802.15.4 Low-Rate Wireless Networks, with each
packet having the FCS at the end of the frame
Name LINKTYPE_SITA
Number 196
Description Various link-layer types, with a pseudo-header
Reference [LINKTYPE_SITA]
Name LINKTYPE_ERF
Number 197
Description Endace ERF records
Reference [ERF]
Name LINKTYPE_RAIF1
Number 198
Description Reserved for Ethernet packets captured from a u10
Networks board
Name LINKTYPE_IPMB_KONTRON
Number 199
Description Reserved for IPMB packet for IPMI, with a 2-octet header
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_ST
Number 200
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_HCI_H4_WITH_PHDR
Number 201
Description Bluetooth HCI UART transport layer; the frame contains a
4-octet direction field, in network byte order (big-endian), the
low-order bit of which is set if the frame was sent from the host
to the controller and clear if the frame was received by the host
from the controller, followed by an HCI packet indicator octet, as
specified by the UART Transport Layer portion of the most recent
Bluetooth Core specification, followed by an HCI packet of the
specified packet type, as specified by the Host Controller
Interface Functional Specification portion of the most recent
Bluetooth Core Specification
Name LINKTYPE_AX25_KISS
Number 202
Description AX.25 packet, with a KISS header
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Reference [KISS] [AX.25]
Name LINKTYPE_LAPD
Number 203
Description Link Access Procedures on the D Channel (LAPD) frames,
starting with the address field, with no pseudo-header
Reference [Q.920] [Q.921]
Name LINKTYPE_PPP_WITH_DIR
Number 204
Description PPP, as per RFC 1661 and RFC 1662 , preceded with a one-
octet pseudo-header with a zero value meaning received by this
host and a non-zero value meaning sent by this host; if the first
2 octets are 0xff and 0x03, it's PPP in HDLC-like framing, with
the PPP header following those two octets, otherwise it's PPP
without framing, and the packet begins with the PPP header. The
data in the frame is not octet-stuffed or bit-stuffed
Name LINKTYPE_C_HDLC_WITH_DIR
Number 205
Description Cisco PPP with HDLC framing, preceded with a one-octet
pseudo-header with a zero value meaning received by this host and
a non-zero value meaning sent by this host
Reference Section 4.3.1 of [RFC1547]
Name LINKTYPE_FRELAY_WITH_DIR
Number 206
Description Frame Relay LAPF frames, beginning with a one-octet
pseudo-header with a zero value meaning received by this host
(DCE->DTE) and a non-zero value meaning sent by this host
(DTE->DCE), followed by an ITU-T Recommendation Q.922 LAPF header
starting with the address field, and without an FCS at the end of
the frame
Name LINKTYPE_LAPB_WITH_DIR
Number 207
Description Link Access Procedure, Balanced (LAPB), as specified by
ITU-T Recommendation X.25 , preceded with a one-octet pseudo-
header with a zero value meaning received by this host (DCE->DTE)
and a non-zero value meaning sent by this host (DTE->DCE)
Name Reserved
Number 208
Description Reserved for an unspecified link-layer type
Name LINKTYPE_I2C_LINUX
Number 209
Description Linux I2C packets
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Reference [LINKTYPE_I2C_LINUX]
Name LINKTYPE_FLEXRAY
Number 210
Description FlexRay frames or symbols, with a pseudo-header
Reference [LINKTYPE_FLEXRAY]
Name LINKTYPE_MOST
Number 211
Description Reserved for Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) bus
Name LINKTYPE_LIN
Number 212
Description Local Interconnect Network (LIN) automotive bus
Reference [LINKTYPE_LIN]
Name LINKTYPE_X2E_SERIAL
Number 213
Description Reserved for X2E serial line captures
Name LINKTYPE_X2E_XORAYA
Number 214
Description Reserved for X2E Xoraya data loggers
Name LINKTYPE_IEEE802_15_4_NONASK_PHY
Number 215
Description IEEE 802.15.4 Low-Rate Wireless Networks, with each
packet having the FCS at the end of the frame, and with the PHY-
level data for the O-QPSK, BPSK, GFSK, MSK, and RCC DSS BPSK PHYs
(4 octets of 0 as preamble, one octet of SFD, one octet of frame
length + reserved bit) preceding the MAC-layer data (starting with
the frame control field)
Name LINKTYPE_LINUX_EVDEV
Number 216
Description Reserved for Linux evdev messages
Name LINKTYPE_GSMTAP_UM
Number 217
Description Reserved for GSM Um interface, with gsmtap header
Name LINKTYPE_GSMTAP_ABIS
Number 218
Description Reserved for GSM Abis interface, with gsmtap header
Name LINKTYPE_MPLS
Number 219
Description MPLS packets with MPLS label as the header
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Name LINKTYPE_USB_LINUX_MMAPPED
Number 220
Description USB packets, beginning with a Linux USB header, as
specified by the struct usbmon_packet in the Documentation/usb/
usbmon.txt file in the Linux source tree. All 64 octets of the
header are present. All fields in the header are in host byte
order. When performing a live capture, the host byte order is the
byte order of the machine on which the packets are captured. When
reading a pcap file, the byte order is the byte order for the
file, as specified by the file's magic number; when reading a
pcapng file, the byte order is the byte order for the section of
the pcapng file, as specified by the Section Header Block. For
isochronous transfers, the ndesc field specifies the number of
isochronous descriptors that follow
Name LINKTYPE_DECT
Number 221
Description Reserved for DECT packets, with a pseudo-header
Name LINKTYPE_AOS
Number 222
Description Reserved for OS Space Data Link Protocol
Name LINKTYPE_WIHART
Number 223
Description Reserved for Wireless HART (Highway Addressable Remote
Transducer)
Name LINKTYPE_FC_2
Number 224
Description Fibre Channel FC-2 frames, beginning with a Frame_Header
Name LINKTYPE_FC_2_WITH_FRAME_DELIMS
Number 225
Description Fibre Channel FC-2 frames, beginning an encoding of the
SOF, followed by a Frame_Header, and ending with an encoding of
the SOF. The encodings represent the frame delimiters as 4-octet
sequences representing the corresponding ordered sets, with K28.5
represented as 0xBC, and the D symbols as the corresponding octet
values; for example, SOFi2, which is K28.5 - D21.5 - D1.2 - D21.2,
is represented as 0xBC 0xB5 0x55 0x55
Name LINKTYPE_IPNET
Number 226
Description Solaris ipnet
Reference [LINKTYPE_IPNET]
Name LINKTYPE_CAN_SOCKETCAN
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Number 227
Description Controller Area Network frames
Reference [LINKTYPE_CAN_SOCKETCAN]
Name LINKTYPE_IPV4
Number 228
Description Raw IPv4; the packet begins with an IPv4 header
Name LINKTYPE_IPV6
Number 229
Description Raw IPv6; the packet begins with an IPv6 header
Name LINKTYPE_IEEE802_15_4_NOFCS
Number 230
Description IEEE 802.15.4 Low-Rate Wireless Network, without the FCS
at the end of the frame
Name LINKTYPE_DBUS
Number 231
Description Raw D-Bus messages , starting with the endianness flag,
followed by the message type, etc., but without the authentication
handshake before the message sequence
Reference [D-Bus]
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_VS
Number 232
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_SRX_E2E
Number 233
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_FIBRECHANNEL
Number 234
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_DVB_CI
Number 235
Description DVB-CI messages
Reference [DVB-CI-PCAP][DVB-CI]
Name LINKTYPE_MUX27010
Number 236
Description Variant of 3GPP TS 27.010 multiplexing protocol
Reference [LINKTYPE_MUX27010]
Name LINKTYPE_STANAG_5066_D_PDU
Number 237
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Description D_PDUs as described by NATO standard STANAG 5066,
starting with the synchronization sequence, and including both
header and data CRCs. The current version of STANAG 5066 is
backwards-compatible with the 1.0.2 version , although newer
versions are classified
Reference [STANAG-5066]
Name LINKTYPE_JUNIPER_ATM_CEMIC
Number 238
Description Reserved for Juniper Networks
Name LINKTYPE_NFLOG
Number 239
Description Linux netlink NETLINK NFLOG socket log messages
Reference [LINKTYPE_NFLOG]
Name LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER
Number 240
Description Ethernet frames with netANALYZER pseudo-header
Reference [LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER]
Name LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER_TRANSPARENT
Number 241
Description Ethernet frames with netANALYZER pseudo-header,
preamble, and SFD
Reference [LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER_TRANSPARENT]
Name LINKTYPE_IPOIB
Number 242
Description IP-over-InfiniBand
Reference Section 6 of [RFC4391]
Name LINKTYPE_MPEG_2_TS
Number 243
Description MPEG-2 Transport Stream transport packets
Reference Table 2-2 of section 2.4.3.2 Transport Stream packet layer
of [H.222.0]
Name LINKTYPE_NG40
Number 244
Description Frames from ng4T GmbH's ng40 protocol tester
Reference [LINKTYPE_NG40]
Name LINKTYPE_NFC_LLCP
Number 245
Description NFC Logical Link Control Protocol frames, with a pseudo-
header
Reference [LINKTYPE_NFC_LLCP]
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Name LINKTYPE_PFSYNC
Number 246
Description Reserved for pfsync output
Name LINKTYPE_INFINIBAND
Number 247
Description Raw InfiniBand frames, starting with the Local Routing
Header, as specified in Chapter 5 Data packet format of
InfiniBand™ Architectural Specification Release 1.2.1 Volume 1 -
General Specifications
Name LINKTYPE_SCTP
Number 248
Description SCTP packets, as defined by RFC 4960 , with no lower-
level protocols such as IPv4 or IPv6
Name LINKTYPE_USBPCAP
Number 249
Description USB packets, beginning with a USBPcap header
Reference [USBPcap]
Name LINKTYPE_RTAC_SERIAL
Number 250
Description Serial-line packet from the Schweitzer Engineering
Laboratories RTAC product
Reference [LINKTYPE_RTAC_SERIAL]
Name LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_LE_LL
Number 251
Description Bluetooth Low Energy air interface Link Layer packets,
in the format described in Section 2.1 (PACKET FORMAT) of volume 6
of the Bluetooth Specification Version 4.0 (see PDF page 2200),
but without the Preamble
Name LINKTYPE_WIRESHARK_UPPER_PDU
Number 252
Description Reserved for Wireshark
Name LINKTYPE_NETLINK
Number 253
Description Linux Netlink capture encapsulation
Reference [LINKTYPE_NETLINK] [RFC3549]
Name LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_LINUX_MONITOR
Number 254
Description Bluetooth Linux Monitor
Reference [LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_LINUX_MONITOR]
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Name LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_BREDR_BB
Number 255
Description Bluetooth Basic Rate and Enhanced Data Rate baseband
packets
Reference [LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_BREDR_BB]
Name LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_LE_LL_WITH_PHDR
Number 256
Description Bluetooth Low Energy link-layer packets
Reference [LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_LE_LL_WITH_PHDR]
Name LINKTYPE_PROFIBUS_DL
Number 257
Description PROFIBUS data link layer packets, as specified by IEC
standard 61158-4-3, beginning with the start delimiter, ending
with the end delimiter, and including all octets between them
Name LINKTYPE_PKTAP
Number 258
Description Apple PKTAP capture encapsulation
Reference [LINKTYPE_PKTAP]
Name LINKTYPE_EPON
Number 259
Description Ethernet-over-passive-optical-network packets, starting
with the last 6 octets of the modified preamble as specified by
65.1.3.2 Transmit in Clause 65 of Section 5 of IEEE 802.3,
followed immediately by an Ethernet frame
Name LINKTYPE_IPMI_HPM_2
Number 260
Description IPMI trace packets, as specified by Table 3-20 Trace
Data Block Format in the PICMG HPM.2 specification The timestamps
for packets in this format must match the timestamps in the Trace
Data Blocks
Name LINKTYPE_ZWAVE_R1_R2
Number 261
Description Z-Wave RF profile R1 and R2 packets
Reference [LINKTYPE_ZWAVE_R1_R2]
Name LINKTYPE_ZWAVE_R3
Number 262
Description Z-Wave RF profile R3 packets
Reference [LINKTYPE_ZWAVE_R3]
Name LINKTYPE_WATTSTOPPER_DLM
Number 263
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Description WattStopper Digital Lighting Management (DLM) and
Legrand Nitoo Open protocol packets
Reference [LINKTYPE_WATTSTOPPER_DLM]
Name LINKTYPE_ISO_14443
Number 264
Description ISO 14443 contactless smartcard messages
Reference [ISO-14443-PCAP]
Name LINKTYPE_RDS
Number 265
Description IEC 62106 Radio data system (RDS) groups
Reference [LINKTYPE_RDS]
Name LINKTYPE_USB_DARWIN
Number 266
Description USB packets captured on a Darwin-based operating system
(macOS, etc.)
Reference [LINKTYPE_USB_DARWIN]
Name LINKTYPE_OPENFLOW
Number 267
Description Reserved for OpenBSD DLT_OPENFLOW
Name LINKTYPE_SDLC
Number 268
Description SDLC packets, as specified by Chapter 1, DLC Links,
section Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC) of Systems Network
Architecture Formats, GA27-3136-20 , without the flag fields,
zero-bit insertion, or Frame Check Sequence field, containing SNA
path information units (PIUs) as the payload
Name LINKTYPE_TI_LLN_SNIFFER
Number 269
Description Reserved for Texas Instruments protocol sniffer
Name LINKTYPE_LORATAP
Number 270
Description LoRaTap pseudo-header , followed by the payload, which
is typically the PHYPayload from the LoRaWan specification
Reference [LoRaTap][LoRaWAN]
Name LINKTYPE_VSOCK
Number 271
Description Protocol for communication between host and guest
machines in VMware and KVM hypervisors
Reference [LINKTYPE_VSOCK]
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Name LINKTYPE_NORDIC_BLE
Number 272
Description Messages to and from a Nordic Semiconductor nRF Sniffer
for Bluetooth LE packets
Reference [LINKTYPE_NORDIC_BLE]
Name LINKTYPE_DOCSIS31_XRA31
Number 273
Description DOCSIS packets and bursts, preceded by a pseudo-header
Reference [DOCSIS-XRA] [DOCSIS-4.0-MULP]
Name LINKTYPE_ETHERNET_MPACKET
Number 274
Description mPackets, as specified by IEEE 802.3br Figure 99-4,
starting with the preamble and always ending with a CRC field
Name LINKTYPE_DISPLAYPORT_AUX
Number 275
Description DisplayPort AUX channel monitoring messages
Reference [LINKTYPE_DISPLAYPORT_AUX]
Name LINKTYPE_LINUX_SLL2
Number 276
Description Linux cooked capture encapsulation v2
Reference [LINKTYPE_LINUX_SLL2]
Name LINKTYPE_SERCOS_MONITOR
Number 277
Description Reserved for Sercos Monitor
Name LINKTYPE_OPENVIZSLA
Number 278
Description OpenVizsla FPGA-based USB sniffer
Reference [OpenVizsla]
Name LINKTYPE_EBHSCR
Number 279
Description Elektrobit High Speed Capture and Replay (EBHSCR) format
Reference [EBHSCR]
Name LINKTYPE_VPP_DISPATCH
Number 280
Description fd.io VPP graph dispatcher trace records
Reference [FD.io-VPP]
Name LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_BRCM
Number 281
Description Ethernet frames, with a Broadcom switch tag inserted
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Reference [LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_BRCM]
Name LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_BRCM_PREPEND
Number 282
Description Ethernet frames, with a Broadcom switch tag prepended
Reference [LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_BRCM_PREPEND]
Name LINKTYPE_IEEE802_15_4_TAP
Number 283
Description IEEE 802.15.4 Low-Rate Wireless Networks, with a pseudo-
header containing TLVs with metadata preceding the 802.15.4 header
Name LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_DSA
Number 284
Description Ethernet frames, with a Marvell DSA switch tag inserted
Reference [LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_DSA]
Name LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_EDSA
Number 285
Description Ethernet frames, with a Marvell EDSA switch tag inserted
Reference [LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_EDSA]
Name LINKTYPE_ELEE
Number 286
Description Payload of lawful intercept packets using the ELEE
protocol The packet begins with the ELEE header; it does not
include any transport-layer or lower-layer headers for protocols
used to transport ELEE packets
Name LINKTYPE_Z_WAVE_SERIAL
Number 287
Description Serial frames transmitted between a host and a Z-Wave
chip over an RS-232 or USB serial connection
Reference [Z_WAVE_SERIAL] section 5
Name LINKTYPE_USB_2_0
Number 288
Description USB 2.0, 1.1, or 1.0 packet, beginning with a PID, as
described by Chapter 8 Protocol Layer of the the Universal Serial
Bus Specification Revision 2.0
Name LINKTYPE_ATSC_ALP
Number 289
Description ATSC Link-Layer Protocol frames, as described in section
5 of the A/330 Link-Layer Protocol specification, found at
https://www.atsc.org/atsc-documents/type/3-0-standards/, beginning
with a Base Header
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Name LINKTYPE_ETW
Number 290
Description Event Tracing for Windows messages
Reference [LINKTYPE_ETW]
Name LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER_NG
Number 291
Description Reserved for Hilscher Gesellschaft fuer Systemautomation
mbH netANALYZER NG hardware and software
Name LINKTYPE_ZBOSS_NCP
Number 292
Description ZBOSS NCP Serial Protocol, with a pseudo-header
Reference [LINKTYPE_ZBOSS_NCP]
Name LINKTYPE_USB_2_0_LOW_SPEED
Number 293
Description Low-Speed USB 2.0, 1.1, or 1.0 packet, beginning with a
PID, as described by Chapter 8 "Protocol Layer" of the
https://www.usb.org/document-library/usb-20-specification the
Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 2.0
Name LINKTYPE_USB_2_0_FULL_SPEED
Number 294
Description Full-Speed USB 2.0, 1.1, or 1.0 packet, beginning with a
PID, as described by Chapter 8 "Protocol Layer" of the
https://www.usb.org/document-library/usb-20-specification the
Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 2.0
Name LINKTYPE_USB_2_0_HIGH_SPEED
Number 295
Description High-Speed USB 2.0 packet, beginning with a PID, as
described by Chapter 8 "Protocol Layer" of the
https://www.usb.org/document-library/usb-20-specification the
Universal Serial Bus Specification Revision 2.0
Name LINKTYPE_AUERSWALD_LOG
Number 296
Description Auerswald Logger Protocol, as described in
https://github.com/Auerswald-GmbH/auerlog/blob/master/auerlog.txt
Name LINKTYPE_ZWAVE_TAP
Number 297
Description Z-Wave packets, as specified by ITU-T Recommendation
G.9959, with a https://gitlab.com/exegin/zwave-g9959-tap TAP meta-
data header
Reference [Exegin-TAP-Link][G.9959]
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Name LINKTYPE_SILABS_DEBUG_CHANNEL
Number 298
Description Silicon Labs debug channel protocol, as described in htt
ps://github.com/SiliconLabs/java_packet_trace_library/blob/master/
doc/debug-channel.md
Name LINKTYPE_FIRA_UCI
Number 299
Description Ultra-wideband (UWB) controller interface protocol (UCI)
Reference [LINKTYPE_FIRA_UCI]
Name LINKTYPE_MDB
Number 300
Description MDB (Multi-Drop Bus) protocol between a vending machine
controller and peripherals inside the vending machine, with the
message format specified by https://www.kaiser.cx/pcap-mdb.html
the PCAP format for MDB specification
Name LINKTYPE_DECT_NR
Number 301
Description DECT-2020 New Radio (NR) MAC layer specified in
https://www.etsi.org/committee/1394-dect ETSI TS 103 636-4. The
Physical Header Field is always encoded using 80 bits (10 bytes).
Broadcast transmissions using 40 bits (5 bytes) is padded with 40
zero bits (5 bytes). When padding is used the Receiver Identity
value 0x0000 (reserved address) is used to detect broadcast
transmissions
3.2.2. Guidance for Designated Experts
When processing a request for a Specification Required allocation the
Designated Experts are expected to be able to find the relevant
specification at a clearly stable URL. It is noted that many
enterprise web sites do not maintain URLs over a long period of time,
and a documented in a "wp-uploaded" section is highly likely to
disappear. In addition Specifications that require a reader to click
through any kind of marketing or legal agreement are not considered
public. (This is the opinion of other corporate lawyers, who worry
about what their employees might have agreed to)
The specification needs to be clearly written, and when the contents
of the link type can contain an IPv4 or IPv6 header, then the octets
between the beginning of the link type and the IP header needs to be
very clearly specified in that document.
Specifications that are not publicly available, but which may be
obtained via liaison agreements (such as to ITU-T, 3GPP, IEEE, etc.)
are acceptable particularly if the document will be public
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eventually, but are discouraged. For other documents, the Designated
Expert will need use their judgement, or consult the WG or an Area
Director.
Linktypes may be allocated for specifications not publicly available
may be made within the First-Come/First-Served area. This includes
specifications that might be classified. The minimal requirement is
for a contact person for that link type.
4. Security Considerations
This document describes the IANA registration rules for the LINKTYPE
encapsulations. PCAP, and PCAPNG packet file formats use this value
to determine what kind of headers precede network packet captures.
Many of these formats can contain IPv4 and IPv6 packets. A system
reading PCAP or PCAPNG format captures can be subject to arbitrary
inputs that may be controlled by malicious entities, so utmost
caution is required.
Many LINKTYPE formats include a "snapshot" length, which may be
smaller than the actual packet. It is therefore very likely that
trailing parts of a packet capture may be omitted, yet internal
length fields in the packets will claim the packet is bigger than the
capture. This leads to trivial buffer overreads, and systems
interpreting the packets need to carefully scrutinize all attempts to
read data from a capture.
5. Contributors
PCAP has been developed over three and half decades by a variety of
developers, including: Bill Fenner, Denis Ovsienko, Francois-Xavier
Le Bail, Fulvio Risso, Gerald Combs, Gianluca Varenni, Gisle Vanem,
Hannes Gredler, Joerg Mayer, Michal Sekletar, Stephen Donnelly,
Torsten Landschoff, and Jun-ichiro itojun Hagino
PCAP was originally created at LBL by Steve McCanne, Craig Leres, and
Van Jacobson.
6. Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank: Michael Tuexen, Mohamed Boucadair, Carsten
Bormann, Henk Birkholtz, and Robert Wilton their invaluable comments
and encouragement.
7. References
7.1. Normative References
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[RFC2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2119>.
[RFC8174] Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8174>.
[RFC8126] Cotton, M., Leiba, B., and T. Narten, "Guidelines for
Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26,
RFC 8126, DOI 10.17487/RFC8126, June 2017,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8126>.
7.2. Informative References
[TCPDUMP] "LINK-LAYER HEADER TYPES", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes.html>.
[LIBPCAP] "libpcap", n.d.,
<https://github.com/the-tcpdump-group/libpcap>.
[Wireshark]
"Homepage of Wireshark", n.d.,
<https://www.wireshark.org>.
[_3GPP-TS-04.64]
"Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+);
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS); Mobile Station -
Serving GPRS Support Node (MS-SGSN) Logical Link Control
(LLC) layer specification", 3GPP TS 04.64, n.d..
[ASHRAE-135]
"BACnet(TM): A Data Communication Protocol for Building
Automation and Control Networks", ANSI/ASHRAE Standard
135, n.d..
[AVS] Peachy, S., "Archived AVS specification", n.d.,
<http://web.archive.org/web/20040803232023/
http://www.shaftnet.org/~pizza/software/capturefrm.txt>.
[AX.25] Beech, W. A., Nielsen, D. E., and J. Taylor, "AX.25 Link
Access Protocol for Amateur Packet Radio Version 2.2",
July 1998, <https://www.ax25.net/AX25.2.2-Jul%2098-2.pdf>.
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[D-Bus] Pennington, H., Carlsson, A., Larsson, A., Herzberg, S.,
McVittie, S., and D. Zeuthen, "D-Bus Specification", n.d.,
<https://dbus.freedesktop.org/doc/dbus-
specification.html>.
[DOCSIS-4.0-MULP]
"DOCSIS 4.0 MAC and Upper Layer Protocols Interface
Specification", n.d.,
<https://www.cablelabs.com/specifications/CM-SP-
MULPIv4.0>.
[DOCSIS-XRA]
"Excentis XRA Header", n.d.,
<https://support.excentis.com/index.php?/Knowledgebase/
Article/View/159>.
[DVB-CI] "Common Interface Specification for Conditional Access and
other Digital Video Broadcasting Decoder Applications",
n.d., <https://dvb.org/?standard=common-interface-
specification-for-conditional-access-and-other-digital-
video-broadcasting-decoder-applications>.
[DVB-CI-PCAP]
Kaiser, M., "PCAP format for DVB-CI", January 2021,
<https://www.kaiser.cx/pcap-dvbci.html>.
[EBHSCR] "Documentation EBHSCR", n.d.,
<http://www.elektrobit.com/ebhscr>.
[ERF] "ERF Types Reference Guide", n.d.,
<https://www.endace.com/erf-extensible-record-format-
types.pdf>.
[Exegin-TAP-Link]
"IEEE 802.15.4 TAP Link Type Specification", n.d.,
<https://github.com/jkcko/ieee802.15.4-tap/blob/master/
IEEE%20802.15.4%20TAP%20Link%20Type%20Specification.pdf>.
[FD.io-VPP]
"VNET (VPP Network Stack)", n.d., <https://fdio-
vpp.readthedocs.io/en/latest/gettingstarted/developers/
vnet.html>.
[FRF.16.1] "Multilink Frame Relay UNI/NNI Implementation Agreement
FRF.16.1", May 2002,
<https://web.archive.org/web/20160427004354/
https://www.broadband-forum.org/technical/download/FRF.16/
frf16.1.pdf>.
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[G.7041] "Generic Framing Procedure", ITU-T Recommendation G.7041/
Y.1303, n.d., <https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.7041/en>.
[G.9959] "Short range narrow-band digital radiocommunication
transceivers - PHY, MAC, SAR and LLC layer
specifications", ITU-T Recommendation G.9959, n.d.,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.9959/en>.
[H.222.0] "Information technology - Generic coding of moving
pictures and associated audio information: Systems", ITU-T
Recommendation H.222.0, n.d.,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-H.222.0>.
[ISO-14443-PCAP]
Kaiser, M., "PCAP format for ISO14443", January 2021,
<https://www.kaiser.cx/posts/pcap-iso14443/>.
[KISS] "The KISS TNC - A simple Host-to-TNC communications
protocol", n.d., <https://www.ax25.net/kiss.aspx>.
[LINKTYPE_APPLE_IP_OVER_IEEE1394]
"LINKTYPE_APPLE_IP_OVER_IEEE1394", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_APPLE_IP_OVER_IEEE1394.html>.
[LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_BREDR_BB]
"LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_BREDR_BB", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_BREDR_BB.html>.
[LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_LE_LL_WITH_PHDR]
"LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_LE_LL_WITH_PHDR", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_LE_LL_WITH_PHDR.html>.
[LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_LINUX_MONITOR]
"LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_LINUX_MONITOR", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_BLUETOOTH_LINUX_MONITOR.html>.
[LINKTYPE_CAN_SOCKETCAN]
"LINKTYPE_CAN_SOCKETCAN", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_CAN_SOCKETCAN.html>.
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[LINKTYPE_DISPLAYPORT_AUX]
"LINKTYPE_DISPLAYPORT_AUX", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_DISPLAYPORT_AUX.html>.
[LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_BRCM]
"LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_BRCM", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_BRCM.html>.
[LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_BRCM_PREPEND]
"LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_BRCM_PREPEND", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_BRCM_PREPEND.html>.
[LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_DSA]
"LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_DSA", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_DSA.html>.
[LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_EDSA]
"LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_EDSA", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_DSA_TAG_EDSA.html>.
[LINKTYPE_ETW]
"LINKTYPE_ETW", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_ETW.html>.
[LINKTYPE_FIRA_UCI]
"LINKTYPE_FIRA_UCI", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_FIRA_UCI.html>.
[LINKTYPE_FLEXRAY]
"LINKTYPE_FLEXRAY", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_FLEXRAY.html>.
[LINKTYPE_I2C_LINUX]
"LINKTYPE_I2C_LINUX", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_I2C_LINUX.html>.
[LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11_PRISM]
"LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11_PRISM", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_IEEE802_11_PRISM.html>.
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[LINKTYPE_IPNET]
"LINKTYPE_IPNET", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_IPNET.html>.
[LINKTYPE_LIN]
"LINKTYPE_LIN", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_LIN.html>.
[LINKTYPE_LINUX_IRDA]
"LINKTYPE_LINUX_IRDA", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_LINUX_IRDA.html>.
[LINKTYPE_LINUX_LAPD]
"LINKTYPE_LINUX_LAPD", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_LINUX_LAPD.html>.
[LINKTYPE_LINUX_SLL]
"LINKTYPE_LINUX_SLL", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_LINUX_SLL.html>.
[LINKTYPE_LINUX_SLL2]
"LINKTYPE_LINUX_SLL2", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_LINUX_SLL2.html>.
[LINKTYPE_LOOP]
"LINKTYPE_LOOP", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_LOOP.html>.
[LINKTYPE_MUX27010]
"LINKTYPE_MUX27010", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_MUX27010.html>.
[LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER]
"LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER.html>.
[LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER_TRANSPARENT]
"LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER_TRANSPARENT", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_NETANALYZER_TRANSPARENT.html>.
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[LINKTYPE_NETLINK]
"LINKTYPE_NETLINK", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_NETLINK.html>.
[LINKTYPE_NFC_LLCP]
"LINKTYPE_NFC_LLCP", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_NFC_LLCP.html>.
[LINKTYPE_NFLOG]
"LINKTYPE_NFLOG", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_NFLOG.html>.
[LINKTYPE_NG40]
"LINKTYPE_NG40", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_NG40.html>.
[LINKTYPE_NORDIC_BLE]
"LINKTYPE_NORDIC_BLE", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_NORDIC_BLE.html>.
[LINKTYPE_NULL]
"LINKTYPE_NULL", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_NULL.html>.
[LINKTYPE_PKTAP]
"LINKTYPE_PKTAP", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_PKTAP.html>.
[LINKTYPE_RDS]
"LINKTYPE_RDS", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_RDS.html>.
[LINKTYPE_RTAC_SERIAL]
"LINKTYPE_RTAC_SERIAL", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_RTAC_SERIAL.html>.
[LINKTYPE_SITA]
"LINKTYPE_SITA", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_SITA.html>.
[LINKTYPE_SLIP]
"LINKTYPE_SLIP", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_SLIP.html>.
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[LINKTYPE_SUNATM]
"LINKTYPE_SUNATM", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_SUNATM.html>.
[LINKTYPE_USB_DARWIN]
"LINKTYPE_USB_DARWIN", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_USB_DARWIN.html>.
[LINKTYPE_VSOCK]
"LINKTYPE_VSOCK", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/LINKTYPE_VSOCK.html>.
[LINKTYPE_WATTSTOPPER_DLM]
"LINKTYPE_WATTSTOPPER_DLM", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_WATTSTOPPER_DLM.html>.
[LINKTYPE_ZBOSS_NCP]
"LINKTYPE_ZBOSS_NCP", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_ZBOSS_NCP.html>.
[LINKTYPE_ZWAVE_R1_R2]
"LINKTYPE_ZWAVE_R1_R2", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_ZWAVE_R1_R2.html>.
[LINKTYPE_ZWAVE_R3]
"LINKTYPE_ZWAVE_R3", n.d.,
<https://www.tcpdump.org/linktypes/
LINKTYPE_ZWAVE_R3.html>.
[LoRaTap] "LoRaTap", n.d.,
<https://github.com/eriknl/LoRaTap/blob/master/README.md>.
[LoRaWAN] "About the LoRaWAN Standards", n.d.,
<https://lora-alliance.org/lorawan-for-developers/>.
[OpenVizsla]
"OpenVizsla protocol description", August 2018,
<https://github.com/matwey/libopenvizsla/wiki/OpenVizsla-
protocol-description>.
[PPI] "Per-Packet Information Header Specification", May 2007,
<https://web.archive.org/web/20160328114748/
http://www.cacetech.com/documents/
PPI%20Header%20format%201.0.7.pdf>.
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[Q.703] "Specifications of Signalling System No. 7 Signalling
Link", ITU-T Recommendation Q.703, n.d.,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Q.703/en/>.
[Q.704] "Specifications of Signalling System No. 7 Signalling
Network Functions And Messages", ITU-T Recommendation
Q.704, n.d., <https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Q.704/en/>.
[Q.711] "Specifications of Signalling System No. 7 Functional
description of the signalling connection control part",
ITU-T Recommendation Q.711, n.d.,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Q.711/en/>.
[Q.712] "Specifications of Signalling System No. 7 Definition and
function of signalling connection control part messages",
ITU-T Recommendation Q.712, n.d.,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Q.712/en/>.
[Q.713] "Specifications of Signalling System No. 7 Signalling
connection control part functions and codes", ITU-T
Recommendation Q.713, n.d.,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Q.713/en/>.
[Q.714] "Specifications of Signalling System No. 7 Signalling
connection control part procedures", ITU-T Recommendation
Q.714, n.d., <https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Q.714/en/>.
[Radiotap] radiotap.org, "Radiotap Web site", n.d.,
<http://www.radiotap.org/>.
[Q.920] "Digital Subscriber Signalling System No. 1 (DSS1) - ISDN
User-Network Interface Data Link Layer - General aspects",
ITU-T Recommendation Q.920, n.d.,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Q.920/en/>.
[Q.921] "ISDN user-network interface - Data Link Layer
specification", ITU-T Recommendation Q.921, n.d.,
<https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-Q.921/en/>.
[STANAG-5066]
"Profile for Maritime High Frequency (HF) Radio Data
Communications", STANAG 5066, n.d.,
<https://web.archive.org/web/20051004082010/
http://www.armymars.net/ArmyMARS/HF-Email/resources/
stanag5066.pdf>.
[USBPcap] "USBPcap Capture format specification", n.d.,
<https://desowin.org/usbpcap/captureformat.html>.
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[Z_WAVE_SERIAL]
"Z-Wave Serial API Host Application Programming Guide",
n.d., <https://www.silabs.com/documents/public/user-
guides/INS12350-Serial-API-Host-Appl.-Prg.-Guide.pdf>.
[RFC1661] Simpson, W., Ed., "The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)",
STD 51, RFC 1661, DOI 10.17487/RFC1661, July 1994,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1661>.
[RFC1662] Simpson, W., Ed., "PPP in HDLC-like Framing", STD 51,
RFC 1662, DOI 10.17487/RFC1662, July 1994,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1662>.
[RFC2516] Mamakos, L., Lidl, K., Evarts, J., Carrel, D., Simone, D.,
and R. Wheeler, "A Method for Transmitting PPP Over
Ethernet (PPPoE)", RFC 2516, DOI 10.17487/RFC2516,
February 1999, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2516>.
[RFC1483] Heinanen, J., "Multiprotocol Encapsulation over ATM
Adaptation Layer 5", RFC 1483, DOI 10.17487/RFC1483, July
1993, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1483>.
[RFC1547] Perkins, D., "Requirements for an Internet Standard Point-
to-Point Protocol", RFC 1547, DOI 10.17487/RFC1547,
December 1993, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1547>.
[RFC2625] Rajagopal, M., Bhagwat, R., and W. Rickard, "IP and ARP
over Fibre Channel", RFC 2625, DOI 10.17487/RFC2625, June
1999, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2625>.
[RFC4391] Chu, J. and V. Kashyap, "Transmission of IP over
InfiniBand (IPoIB)", RFC 4391, DOI 10.17487/RFC4391, April
2006, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4391>.
[RFC3549] Salim, J., Khosravi, H., Kleen, A., and A. Kuznetsov,
"Linux Netlink as an IP Services Protocol", RFC 3549,
DOI 10.17487/RFC3549, July 2003,
<https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3549>.
Authors' Addresses
Guy Harris (editor)
Email: gharris@sonic.net
Michael C. Richardson
Sandelman Software Works Inc
Email: mcr+ietf@sandelman.ca
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URI: http://www.sandelman.ca/
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