BESS Working Group                                         K. Talaulikar
Internet-Draft                                                   K. Raza
Updates: 9252 (if approved)                                Cisco Systems
Intended status: Standards Track                              J. Rabadan
Expires: 4 September 2025                                          Nokia
                                                                  W. Lin
                                                        Juniper Networks
                                                            3 March 2025


                SRv6 Argument Signaling for BGP Services
                    draft-ietf-bess-bgp-srv6-args-06

Abstract

   RFC9252 defines procedures and messages for SRv6-based BGP services
   including L3VPN, EVPN, and Internet services.  This document updates
   RFC9252 and provides more detailed specifications for the signaling
   and processing of SRv6 SID advertisements for BGP Service routes
   associated with SRv6 Endpoint Behaviors that support arguments.

Status of This Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at https://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on 4 September 2025.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2025 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (https://trustee.ietf.org/
   license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document.
   Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
   and restrictions with respect to this document.  Code Components



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   extracted from this document must include Revised BSD License text as
   described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are
   provided without warranty as described in the Revised BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
     1.1.  Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   2.  Advertisement of SRv6 SID and Arguments . . . . . . . . . . .   3
   3.  End.DT2M Signaling for EVPN ESI Filtering . . . . . . . . . .   4
     3.1.  Advertisement of Ethernet A-D per ES Route  . . . . . . .   5
     3.2.  Advertisement of Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag
           Route . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
     3.3.  Processing at Ingress PE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
   4.  Backward Compatibility  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   5.  IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   6.  Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   7.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
   8.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     8.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
     8.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
   Authors' Addresses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14

1.  Introduction

   SRv6 refers to Segment Routing instantiated on the IPv6 data plane
   [RFC8402].  SRv6 Service Segment Identifier (SID) refers to an SRv6
   SID [RFC8402] associated with one of the service specific SRv6
   Endpoint behaviors on the advertising Provider Edge (PE) router for
   Layer-3 Virtual Private Network (L3VPN), Global Internet Routing, and
   Ethernet Virtual Private Network (EVPN) services as defined in
   [RFC8986].  [RFC9252] defines the procedures and messages for the
   signaling of BGP services including L3VPN, EVPN, and Internet
   services using SRv6 as data plane.

   For certain EVPN services, [RFC8986] introduced the End.DT2M SRv6
   Endpoint Behavior, which utilizes arguments (i.e., Arg.FE2).
   [RFC9252] subsequently specified the encoding and signaling
   procedures for the SRv6 SID and its associated argument via EVPN
   Route Type 3 and EVPN Route Type 1, respectively.  However, during
   implementation and interoperability testing, it was observed that the
   specifications outlined in [RFC9252] lacked sufficient detail,
   leading to ambiguities in interpretation and implementation.

   This document updates [RFC9252] by providing additional details and
   clarifications regarding the signaling of SRv6 Service SIDs
   associated with SRv6 Endpoint Behaviors that utilize arguments.
   While the focus is primarily on the signaling of the End.DT2M SRv6



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   Endpoint Behavior via EVPN Route Types 1 and 3, the procedures
   described herein are also applicable to other similar endpoint
   behaviors with arguments that may be signaled using BGP.

   Section 6.3 of [RFC9252] specifies that the SRv6 Service SID used in
   the data plane is derived by applying a bitwise logical-OR operation
   between the SID with argument signaled via Route Type 1 and the SID
   with the 'locator + function' components signaled via Route Type 3.
   However, this approach assumes a uniform SID structure across all
   SIDs advertised via EVPN Route Types 1 and 3.  This assumption is not
   universally valid, and the procedures in this document remove this
   restriction, ensuring greater flexibility in SRv6 SID signaling.

   The descriptions and examples presented in this document do not
   utilize the Transposition Scheme (see section 4 of [RFC9252]).
   Consequently, the Transposition Offset (TPOS-O) and Transposition
   Length (TPOS-L) are set to zero, and references to MPLS label fields
   where the function or argument portions may be transposed are
   omitted.  However, the same examples could be applied with the
   Transposition Scheme.  This document does not introduce any
   modifications to the use of the Transposition Scheme in the signaling
   of EVPN Routes.  Implementations are expected to adhere to the
   procedures and recommendations specified in [RFC9252] concerning the
   Transposition Scheme.

1.1.  Requirements Language

   The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
   "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
   "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP
   14 [RFC2119] [RFC8174] when, and only when, they appear in all
   capitals, as shown here.

2.  Advertisement of SRv6 SID and Arguments

   As specified in [RFC8986], an SRv6 SID comprises three components:
   Locator (LOC), Function (FUNC), and Argument (ARG).  For SRv6 SIDs
   associated with SRv6 Endpoint Behaviors that do not support argument,
   the ARG component is not present.  Consequently, all bits following
   the FUNC portion MUST be set to zero, and the argument length MUST be
   zero.

   Certain SRv6 Endpoint Behaviors (e.g., End.DT2M) support arguments.
   As specified in Section 3.2.1 of [RFC9252], the SRv6 SID Structure
   sub-sub-TLV MUST be included when signaling an SRv6 SID corresponding
   to an endpoint behavior that supports argument.  This ensures that
   the receiving router can perform consistency verification of the
   argument and correctly encode the ARG value within the SRv6 SID.



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   In certain use cases, the SRv6 SID can be signaled as a complete
   structure, with the LOC:FUNC:ARG components fully encoded within the
   SID.  However, there are scenarios where the SRv6 SID, consisting
   only of the LOC:FUNC portion, is signaled in one advertisement, while
   the ARG value is either signaled through a separate advertisement or
   learned via an alternative mechanism.  It is the responsibility of
   the SRv6 Source Node to append the ARG component to the LOC:FUNC
   portion, thereby constructing the complete SRv6 SID (LOC:FUNC:ARG).
   This fully-formed SID can then be utilized in the data plane, either
   as the IPv6 destination address of a packet or as a segment within
   the Segment Routing Header (SRH) [RFC8754], as required.

   Since arguments may be optional, the SRv6 Endpoint Node that owns the
   SID MUST advertise the SRv6 SID Structure along with the LOC:FUNC
   portion of the SRv6 SID to indicate whether arguments are supported
   for that specific SID.  A zero Argument Length (AL) value indicates
   that the node does not accept an argument for the given SRv6 SID.
   Conversely, a non-zero AL value specifies the size of the supported
   argument, along with the Locator Block Length (LBL), Locator Node
   Length (LNL), and Function Length (FL) parameters, which define the
   offset from which the node expects the ARG to be encoded.  All bits
   beyond LBL + LNL + FL + AL MUST be set to zero.

   The advertisement of the ARG value may be performed either by the
   node that owns the SRv6 SID and is advertising the LOC:FUNC portion
   of that SID, or by another node/mechanism.  The advertisement of the
   ARG value MUST specify the size of the argument, its value, and the
   associated SRv6 Endpoint Behavior of the SID.  Additionally, the
   specification of the association of the ARG advertisement with the
   corresponding SID(s) for which the argument applies is REQUIRED.

3.  End.DT2M Signaling for EVPN ESI Filtering

   As specified in [RFC9252], the LOC:FUNC portion of the SRv6 SID with
   End.DT2M behavior is signaled via EVPN Route Type 3 (Inclusive
   Multicast Ethernet Tag Route), while the Ethernet Segment Identifier
   (ESI) Filtering ARG (denoted as Arg.FE2 in [RFC8986]) is signaled via
   EVPN Route Type 1 (Ethernet Auto-Discovery per Ethernet Segment (A-D
   per ES) Route).  The following subsections provide a more detailed
   specification of the signaling and processing mechanisms compared to
   [RFC9252].

   ESI Filtering is a split-horizon mechanism used for Multi-Homing
   [RFC7432] or Ethernet-Tree (E-Tree) procedures [RFC8317].  ESI
   Filtering is not applicable in scenarios where:

   *  No E-Tree leaf Broadcast, Unknown Unicast, or Multicast (BUM)
      traffic exists,



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   *  No multi-homing is present,

   *  No split-horizon mechanism is required, or

   *  The local-bias method (as specified in [RFC8365]) is employed.

   In this document, "ESI Filtering" is used as a general reference to
   the procedure performed by the disposition PE node to prevent
   forwarding of BUM traffic to local Ethernet Segments or local leaf
   attachment circuits, based on the presence of the ESI Filtering ARG.

   The signaling and processing descriptions outlined in the following
   sections also apply to End.DT2M behavior flavors designed for SRv6
   SID list compression [I-D.ietf-spring-srv6-srh-compression].  In
   deployments where a mix of compressed and uncompressed SIDs is
   present, the behaviors advertised in the Ethernet Auto-Discovery
   (A-D) per ES Routes (EVPN Route Type 1) and Inclusive Multicast
   Ethernet Tag Routes (EVPN Route Type 3) MAY consist of a combination
   of compressed and uncompressed End.DT2M behavior flavors.  The
   procedures in this document remains valid for such deployments
   provided that the argument length consistency checks between EVPN
   Route Type 1 and EVPN Route Type 3, as described in the following
   subsections, are satisfied.

3.1.  Advertisement of Ethernet A-D per ES Route

   Ethernet Auto-Discovery (A-D) per ES Routes (EVPN Route Type 1), as
   defined in [RFC7432], are utilized to enable split-horizon filtering
   and fast convergence in multi-homing scenarios.  Additionally, A-D
   per ES Routes facilitate egress filtering of BUM traffic originating
   from a Leaf, as specified in [RFC8317].

   When ESI Filtering is not in use, no ESI Filtering ARG is required to
   be conveyed.  However, for backward compatibility and consistency
   with [RFC9252], the advertisement of this route SHOULD include the
   BGP Prefix-SID Attribute with an SRv6 L2 Service TLV carrying an SRv6
   Service SID set to ::0 in the SRv6 SID Information sub-TLV, with the
   SRv6 Endpoint Behavior set to End.DT2M.  Since the End.DT2M behavior
   supports the use of an ARG, an SRv6 SID Structure sub-sub-TLV MUST be
   included.  As no ARG value is required to be signaled in this case,
   the AL MUST be set to 0.

   Following is an example representation of the BGP Prefix-SID
   Attribute encoding in this case:







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   BGP Prefix SID Attr:
       SRv6 L2 Service TLV:
           SRv6 SID Information sub-TLV:
               SID: ::0
               Behavior: End.DT2M
               SRv6 SID Structure sub-sub-TLV:
                   LBL: 32, LNL: 16, FL: 16, AL: 0, TPOS-L: 0, TPOS-O: 0

         Figure 1: EVPN Route Type 1 without ARG for ESI Filtering

   When ESI Filtering is in use, the advertisement of this route MUST
   include the BGP Prefix-SID Attribute with an SRv6 L2 Service TLV
   carrying the SRv6 Service SID that contains the ESI Filtering ARG
   value within the SRv6 SID Information sub-TLV (when not using the
   Transposition Scheme), with the SRv6 Endpoint Behavior set to
   End.DT2M.  Since the End.DT2M behavior supports the use of an ARG, an
   SRv6 SID Structure sub-sub-TLV MUST be included.  Additionally, as a
   non-zero ARG value is being signaled, the Argument Length (AL) MUST
   be set to the size of the ARG, and the size SHOULD be a multiple of
   8.  The SRv6 SID Structure sub-sub-TLV MUST set the Locator Block
   Length (LBL), Locator Node Length (LNL), and Function Length (FL)
   fields with values that indicate the offset at which the ARG value is
   encoded within the 128-bit SRv6 SID.

   The following is an example representation of the BGP Prefix-SID
   Attribute encoding in this scenario for a 16-bit argument value of
   'aaaa':

  BGP Prefix SID Attr:
      SRv6 L2 Service TLV:
          SRv6 SID Information sub-TLV:
              SID: 0:0:0:0:aaaa::
              Behavior: End.DT2M
              SRv6 SID Structure sub-sub-TLV:
                  LBL: 32, LNL: 16, FL: 16, AL: 16, TPOS-L: 0, TPOS-O: 0

          Figure 2: EVPN Route Type 1 with ARG for ESI Filtering

   In the examples above, it would have been possible to set the LBL,
   LNL, and FL values to 0 and to encode the SRv6 SID as either ::0 or
   aaaa::. However, such an encoding would not be backward compatible
   with [RFC9252], as further detailed in Section 4.

   Therefore, it is REQUIRED that the LBL, LNL, and FL values be set in
   accordance with the SID Structure for End.DT2M SRv6 Service SIDs,
   ensuring compliance with [RFC9252].





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3.2.  Advertisement of Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag Route

   The Inclusive Multicast Ethernet Tag Route (EVPN Route Type 3), as
   defined in [RFC7432], is used to advertise multicast traffic
   reachability information via MP-BGP to all other PE routers within a
   given EVPN instance.  When utilizing SRv6 transport, the
   advertisement of this route MUST include the BGP Prefix-SID Attribute
   with an SRv6 L2 Service TLV to indicate the use of SRv6.

   Regardless of whether ESI Filtering is in use, the SRv6 Service SID
   MUST include only the LOC:FUNC portion within the SRv6 SID
   Information sub-TLV (when not utilizing the Transposition Scheme),
   with the SRv6 Endpoint Behavior set to End.DT2M.  Since the End.DT2M
   behavior supports the use of an ARG, an SRv6 SID Structure sub-sub-
   TLV MUST be included.  The LBL, LNL, and FL fields MUST be set to
   indicate the structure of the SRv6 Service SID being advertised.

   When ESI Filtering is not in use, no ARG is expected to be received
   by the router along with the advertised SRv6 Service SID.  Therefore,
   the AL MUST be set to 0.

   Following is an example representation of the BGP Prefix-SID
   Attribute encoding in this case:

   BGP Prefix SID Attr:
       SRv6 L2 Service TLV:
           SRv6 SID Information sub-TLV:
               SID: 2001:db8:1:fbd1::
               Behavior: End.DT2M
               SRv6 SID Structure sub-sub-TLV:
                   LBL: 32, LNL: 16, FL: 16, AL: 0, TPOS-L: 0, TPOS-O: 0

             Figure 3: EVPN Route Type 3 without ESI Filtering

   When ESI Filtering is in use, the router expects to receive traffic
   in the data path to the SRv6 Service SID that it has signaled along
   with the ARG portion embedded in it.  Consequently, the AL MUST be
   set to the size of the ARG supported by the advertising router for
   the specific SRv6 Service SID.  The AL value is unique per End.DT2M
   behavior signaled by the egress PE.  Therefore, the egress PE MUST
   use the same AL for all local Ethernet Segments with Attachment
   Circuits within the same Broadcast Domain.

   The following is an example representation of the BGP Prefix-SID
   Attribute encoding for this scenario with a 16-bit argument:






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  BGP Prefix SID Attr:
      SRv6 L2 Service TLV:
          SRv6 SID Information sub-TLV:
              SID: 2001:db8:1:fbd1::
              Behavior: End.DT2M
              SRv6 SID Structure sub-sub-TLV:
                  LBL: 32, LNL: 16, FL: 16, AL: 16, TPOS-L: 0, TPOS-O: 0

              Figure 4: EVPN Route Type 3 with ESI Filtering

   When ESI Filtering is in use, the advertising router MUST ensure that
   the AL signaled in the EVPN Route Type 3 is equal to the AL signaled
   in the corresponding EVPN Route Type 1.

3.3.  Processing at Ingress PE

   An ingress PE receives the LOC:FUNC portion of the SRv6 Service SID
   to be used for Broadcast, Unknown Unicast, or Multicast (BUM) traffic
   through EVPN Route Type 3 advertisements.

   When ESI Filtering is not in use, the SRv6 Service SID to be used
   consists solely of the LOC:FUNC portion received via EVPN Route Type
   3.

   When ESI Filtering is in use, the ESI Filtering ARG of the SRv6
   Service SID is signaled through EVPN Route Type 1 (Ethernet Auto-
   Discovery per Ethernet Segment Route).  The ARG, in combination with
   the LOC:FUNC portion received via EVPN Route Type 3, forms the SRv6
   Service SID to be used.

   Since the LOC:FUNC and ARG portions of the SRv6 Service SID are
   signaled via different route advertisements, there may be cases where
   the ingress PE receives inconsistent AL values from the two route
   types.  If the ingress PE expects ESI Filtering to be in use (i.e.,
   when forwarding BUM traffic to other PEs attached to a shared
   Ethernet Segment) but does not receive a usable ARG value during
   processing, it SHOULD log a message to facilitate troubleshooting.

   The ingress Provider Edge (PE) router MUST follow the processing
   steps outlined below when handling SRv6 Service SID advertisements:











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   1.  If AL=0 is signaled via EVPN Route Type 3, then the egress PE
       either does not support ESI Filtering or does not require ESI
       Filtering ARG for the specific SID.  In this case, the SRv6
       Service SID is formed using only the LOC:FUNC portion, and all
       bits after LBL+LNL+FL MUST be set to zero for encoding on the
       data path.  Additionally, the router MUST ignore the SID value
       and its SID structure advertised in the corresponding EVPN Route
       Type 1.

   2.  If a non-zero AL is signaled via EVPN Route Type 3, then the
       matching EVPN Route Type 1 for the Ethernet Segment is located
       and the presence of an SRv6 SID advertisement with the End.DT2M
       behavior is verified.

       a.  If the presence of such a SRv6 SID is not verified, or if the
           AL=0 in the EVPN Route Type 1, then no usable ARG value is
           available.  The SRv6 Service SID MUST be formed as described
           in (1) above.

       b.  If the AL values in EVPN Route Type 1 and EVPN Route Type 3
           are both non-zero and but not equal, then no usable ARG value
           is available.  This inconsistency in signaling from the
           egress PE indicates a configuration error.  To prevent
           potential looping, BUM traffic MUST NOT be forwarded for such
           routes from the specific Ethernet Segment.  Implementations
           SHOULD log an error message for troubleshooting this
           condition.

       c.  If the AL values in EVPN Route Type 1 and EVPN Route Type 3
           are both non-zero and equal, then the ARG value from EVPN
           Route Type 1 is considered valid.  This ARG value MUST be
           encoded within the SRv6 SID (LOC:FUNC) at the ARG offset as
           specified in the SID structure (i.e., LBL + LNL + FL) in EVPN
           Route Type 3.  All bits beyond LBL + LNL + FL + AL MUST be
           set to zero.

   Based on the above procedures, the SRv6 Service SID encoding for the
   data plane without an ESI Filtering ARG, based on the examples in
   Figure 1 and Figure 3, is as follows:

   Route Type 3:
    SID: 2001:db8:1:fbd1::
    Structure: LBL: 32, LNL: 16, FL: 16, AL: 0

   SRv6 Service SID Encoded for Datapath: 2001:db8:1:fbd1::

       Figure 5: SRv6 Service SID Encoding for Data Plane without ARG




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   Based on the above procedures, the SRv6 Service SID encoding for the
   data plane along with an ESI Filtering ARG, based on the examples in
   Figure 2 and Figure 4, is as follows:

   Route Type 1:
    SID: 0:0:0:0:aaaa::
    Structure: LBL: 32, LNL: 16, FL: 16, AL: 16

   Route Type 3:
    SID: 2001:db8:1:fbd1::
    Structure: LBL: 32, LNL: 16, FL: 16, AL: 16

   SRv6 Service SID Encoded for Datapath: 2001:db8:1:fbd1:aaaa::

        Figure 6: SRv6 Service SID Encoding for Data Plane with ARG

   Figure 7 below provides another example that illustrates the
   signaling and processing of multiple bridge domains in a deployment
   design.
































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                        +--------------------------------+
                        |                                |
                    PE1 |                                |
                    +---------+                          |
     BUM on BD1     | +-----+ |                          |
   +----------------> | BD1 |-------------+              |
   |                | +-----+ |           |              |
   |  BUM on BD2    | +-----+ |           v          PE3 |
   | +--------------> | BD2 |-------+             +---------+
   | |        +-----| +-----+ |     |             | +-----+ |
   +----+     |     +---------+     v     ^       | | BD1 |-----CE31
   |    |     |         |                 |       | +-----+ |
   |CE12|-----+ ESI-1   |           ^     |       | +-----+ |
   |    |-----+         |           |     |       | | BD2 |-----CE32
   +----+     |     +---------+ ^   RT3   RT3     | +-----+ |
              +-----| +-----+ | |   dt2m  dt2m    +---------+
                    | | BD1 | | |   BD2   BD1            |
                    | +-----+ | |   FL:16 FL:32          |
                    | +-----+ | RT1                      |
                    | | BD2 | | ESI-1                    |
                    | +-----+ | AL:16                    |
                    +---------+                          |
                     PE2 |                               |
                         |                               |
                         |                               |
                         +-------------------------------+

    Route Type 1 ESI-1:
     SID: 0:0:0:0:aaaa::
     Structure: LBL: 32, LNL: 16, FL: 16, AL: 16

    Route Type 3 from BD1:
     SID: 2001:db8:1:fbd1:fbd1:
     Structure: LBL: 32, LNL: 16, FL: 32, AL: 16

    Route Type 3 from BD2:
     SID: 2001:db8:1:fbd2::
     Structure: LBL: 32, LNL: 16, FL: 16, AL: 16

    SRv6 Service SID for datapath from ingress PE1 to egress PE2 on BD1:
     2001:db8:1:fbd1:fbd1:aaaa::
    SRv6 Service SID for datapath from ingress PE1 to egress PE2 on BD2:
     2001:db8:1:fbd2:aaaa::

               Figure 7: Example with Multiple Bridge Domains






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4.  Backward Compatibility

   Existing implementations that rely on the bitwise logical-OR
   operation, as specified in Section 6.3 of [RFC9252], function
   correctly only when the SID structures of the two EVPN Route Types
   are identical.

   Backward compatibility with implementations performing the bitwise
   logical-OR operation is maintained when EVPN Route Type 3 and its
   corresponding EVPN Route Type 1 advertise SIDs with the same SID
   structure, as outlined in Section 3.1 and Section 3.2.

   However, when the SID structures of the two route types are not
   identical, the bitwise logical-OR operation specified in [RFC9252]
   cannot be applied.  Instead, the alternative method specified in
   document in Section 3.3 MUST be used to correctly derive the SRv6
   Service SID in such cases.

5.  IANA Considerations

   This document does not require any action from IANA.

6.  Security Considerations

   This document only provides a more detailed specification related to
   the signaling and processing of SRv6 SID advertisements for SRv6
   Endpoint Behaviors with arguments.  As such, it does not introduce
   any new security considerations over and above what is already
   covered by [RFC9252].

7.  Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to acknowledge Jayshree Subramanian, Sonal
   Agarwal, Swadesh Agrawal, Dongling Duan, Luc Andre Burdet, Patrice
   Brissette, Senthil Sathappan, Erel Ortacdag, Neil Hart, Will
   Lockhart, and Vinod Prabhu for their inputs on aspects related to the
   signaling of the End.DT2M SRv6 Endpoint behavior that required
   clarification as also for their review of this document.  The authors
   thank Jeffrey Zhang for his shepherd review of the document and
   suggestions for its improvements.  The authors would also like to
   thank Gunter van de Velde for his extensive review and suggestions
   for improving the readability of the document.

8.  References

8.1.  Normative References





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   [RFC2119]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
              Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119>.

   [RFC7432]  Sajassi, A., Ed., Aggarwal, R., Bitar, N., Isaac, A.,
              Uttaro, J., Drake, J., and W. Henderickx, "BGP MPLS-Based
              Ethernet VPN", RFC 7432, DOI 10.17487/RFC7432, February
              2015, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7432>.

   [RFC8174]  Leiba, B., "Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC
              2119 Key Words", BCP 14, RFC 8174, DOI 10.17487/RFC8174,
              May 2017, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8174>.

   [RFC8317]  Sajassi, A., Ed., Salam, S., Drake, J., Uttaro, J.,
              Boutros, S., and J. Rabadan, "Ethernet-Tree (E-Tree)
              Support in Ethernet VPN (EVPN) and Provider Backbone
              Bridging EVPN (PBB-EVPN)", RFC 8317, DOI 10.17487/RFC8317,
              January 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8317>.

   [RFC8402]  Filsfils, C., Ed., Previdi, S., Ed., Ginsberg, L.,
              Decraene, B., Litkowski, S., and R. Shakir, "Segment
              Routing Architecture", RFC 8402, DOI 10.17487/RFC8402,
              July 2018, <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8402>.

   [RFC8986]  Filsfils, C., Ed., Camarillo, P., Ed., Leddy, J., Voyer,
              D., Matsushima, S., and Z. Li, "Segment Routing over IPv6
              (SRv6) Network Programming", RFC 8986,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8986, February 2021,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8986>.

   [RFC9252]  Dawra, G., Ed., Talaulikar, K., Ed., Raszuk, R., Decraene,
              B., Zhuang, S., and J. Rabadan, "BGP Overlay Services
              Based on Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6)", RFC 9252,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC9252, July 2022,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9252>.

8.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-spring-srv6-srh-compression]
              Cheng, W., Filsfils, C., Li, Z., Decraene, B., and F.
              Clad, "Compressed SRv6 Segment List Encoding (CSID)", Work
              in Progress, Internet-Draft, draft-ietf-spring-srv6-srh-
              compression-23, 6 February 2025,
              <https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-spring-
              srv6-srh-compression-23>.





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   [RFC8365]  Sajassi, A., Ed., Drake, J., Ed., Bitar, N., Shekhar, R.,
              Uttaro, J., and W. Henderickx, "A Network Virtualization
              Overlay Solution Using Ethernet VPN (EVPN)", RFC 8365,
              DOI 10.17487/RFC8365, March 2018,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8365>.

   [RFC8754]  Filsfils, C., Ed., Dukes, D., Ed., Previdi, S., Leddy, J.,
              Matsushima, S., and D. Voyer, "IPv6 Segment Routing Header
              (SRH)", RFC 8754, DOI 10.17487/RFC8754, March 2020,
              <https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8754>.

Authors' Addresses

   Ketan Talaulikar
   Cisco Systems
   India
   Email: ketant.ietf@gmail.com


   Kamran Raza
   Cisco Systems
   Canada
   Email: skraza@cisco.com


   Jorge Rabadan
   Nokia
   United States of America
   Email: jorge.rabadan@nokia.com


   Wen Lin
   Juniper Networks
   United States of America
   Email: wlin@juniper.net
















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